{"id":230,"date":"2020-07-05T10:42:09","date_gmt":"2020-07-05T08:42:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/fortea.sytes.net\/pun\/?page_id=230"},"modified":"2022-09-28T10:16:49","modified_gmt":"2022-09-28T08:16:49","slug":"fertilitat-masculina","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/fortea.sytes.net\/pun\/fertilitat-masculina\/","title":{"rendered":"Fertilitat masculina"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t
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Fertilitat masculina<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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Inici<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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\"\"<\/p>

Es considera una infertilitat quan una dona no es queda embarassada despr\u00e9s de tenir relacions sexuals sense protecci\u00f3 durant 1 any.\u00a0 La infertilitat afecta un 8-15% de les parelles en edat reproductiva i en els \u00faltims 50 anys ha augmentat la incid\u00e8ncia sobretot\u00a0 per la voluntat de retardar la maternitat de les dones.<\/p>

Els motius de la infertilitat s\u00f3n la mala qualitat de l\u2019esperma (35%), la disfunci\u00f3 en l\u2019ovulaci\u00f3 de la dona (20%), el mal funcionament de les trompes de Fal\u00b7lopi\u00a0 (30%), la\u00a0 mucosa cervical anormal (5%), i causes desconegudes (10%).\u00a0 Aproximadament un 30-40% dels casos la infertilitat \u00e9s masculina i un 60-70% femenina.<\/p>

La infertilitat prim\u00e0ria, es defineix quan una dona no ha estat mai embarassada i la infertilitat secundaria quan pr\u00e8viament\u00a0 hi ha hagut embar\u00e0s, independentment de si ha arribat a concebre.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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APARELL GENITAL MASCUL\u00cd<\/strong><\/p>

L\u2019aparell genital mascul\u00ed est\u00e0 format per els testicles, l\u2019epid\u00eddim, el conducte deferent, les ves\u00edcules seminals, la pr\u00f2stata, la uretra i les gl\u00e0ndules de Bulbouretrals.<\/p>

La espermatog\u00e8nesis<\/strong> \u00e9s la formaci\u00f3 d\u2019espermatozous als t\u00fabuls semin\u00edfers dels testicles despr\u00e9s de rebre l\u2019estimulaci\u00f3 de les hormones FSH i LH.\u00a0 Aquest proc\u00e9s t\u00e9 una durada de tres mesos des de que una c\u00e8l\u00b7lula germinal \u00e9s estimulada fins a convertint-se en espermatozou madur i preparat per a ser ejaculat.\u00a0<\/p>

SEMINOGRAMA<\/strong><\/p>

El seminograma \u00e9s l\u2019an\u00e0lisi del semen al laboratori, que cont\u00e9 els espermatozous i les secrecions produ\u00efdes per a les ves\u00edcules seminals, la pr\u00f2stata i les gl\u00e0ndules bulbouretrats.<\/p>

Els valors del seminograma est\u00e0ndard actual segons la OMS el 2010 s\u00f3n els seg\u00fcents:<\/p>

Valors macrosc\u00f2pics<\/u><\/strong><\/p>
\u00a0Volum<\/td>\u00a0> 1,5 ml<\/td><\/tr>
\u00a0PH<\/td>\u00a0> 7\u20192<\/td><\/tr>
\u00a0Viscositat<\/td>\u00a0Inferior a 2 cn<\/td><\/tr>
\u00a0Liq\u00fcefacci\u00f3<\/td>\u00a0< 60 minuts<\/td><\/tr>
\u00a0Aspecte<\/td>\u00a0homogeni gris-opalescent<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table>

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>

Valors microsc\u00f2pics<\/u><\/strong><\/p>
\u00a0Concentraci\u00f3<\/td>\u00a015.000.000 \/ ml<\/td><\/tr>
\u00a0Mobilitat progressiva (MP)<\/td>\u00a0> 32%<\/td><\/tr>
\u00a0Mobilitat total (MP)+(MNP)<\/td>\u00a0>40%<\/td><\/tr>
\u00a0Morfologia normal\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/td>\u00a0> 4%<\/td><\/tr>
\u00a0Vitalitat<\/td>\u00a0> 58%<\/td><\/tr>
\u00a0Pres\u00e8ncia de leuc\u00f2cits<\/td>\u00a0< 1.000.0000 \/ ml<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table>

\u00a0<\/p>

Concentraci\u00f3 d\u2019espermatozous<\/u><\/strong><\/p>
\u00a0Oligozoosp\u00e8rmia<\/td>\u00a0inferior a 15.000.000 \/ml<\/td><\/tr>
\u00a0Oligozoosp\u00e8rmia lleugera \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/td>\u00a010.000.000 – 15.000.000 \/ml<\/td><\/tr>
\u00a0Oligozoosp\u00e8rmia moderada\u00a0\u00a0<\/td>\u00a05.000.000 – 10.000.000 \/ml<\/td><\/tr>
\u00a0Oligozoosp\u00e8rmia severa\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/td>\u00a01.000.000 – 5.000.000 \/ml<\/td><\/tr>
\u00a0Criptozoosp\u00e8rmia<\/td>\u00a0inferior a 1.000.000 \/ml<\/td><\/tr>
\u00a0Azoosp\u00e8rmia\u00a0\u00a0<\/td>\u00a0abs\u00e8ncia d\u2019espermatozous<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table>

\u00a0<\/p>

Mobilitat <\/u><\/strong><\/p>

Existeixen els espermatozous m\u00f2bils amb progressi\u00f3 activa (MP), els m\u00f2bils sense progressi\u00f3 (MNP) que es mouen per\u00f2 no progressen, i els imm\u00f2bils (IM) que no tenen moviment. \u00a0Quan la mobilitat d\u2019una mostra no est\u00e0 dins els par\u00e0metres establerts estem davant una Astenozoospermia, irregularitat bastant habitual en l\u2019actualitat.<\/p>

Morfologia<\/u><\/strong><\/p>

Els espermatozous poden presentar alteracions morfol\u00f2giques en cada una de les seves parts: cap, cos i cua.\u00a0 Si existeix un canvi en la forma dels espermatozous, la funci\u00f3 genital quedar\u00e0 compromesa i la infertilitat pot ser m\u00e9s evident.<\/p>

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Vitalitat<\/u><\/strong><\/p>

La vitalitat \u00e9s el percentatge de espermatozous vius en una mostra de esperma.\u00a0 Quan tenim un valor de mobilitat dins la norma no \u00e9s necessari tenir-lo present, per\u00f2 en el cas que no sigui aix\u00ed, es valoren els espermatozous que estan vius. Una Necrozoospermia \u00e9s un valor inferior a la norma d\u2019espermatozous vius.<\/p>

Liquaci\u00f3 del semen<\/u><\/strong><\/p>

Immediatament despr\u00e9s d\u2019una ejaculaci\u00f3 el semen es coagula, i a partir dels 15 minuts gradualment es liqua per tenir unes millors condicions i poder penetrar adequadament a la vagina de la dona.\u00a0 Un retr\u00e0s en la liquaci\u00f3 pot alterar la fertilitat, degut a que els espermatozous poden quedar atrapats en un gel.\u00a0\u00a0 Es considera una liquaci\u00f3 retardada quan el proc\u00e9s de liquar \u00e9s superior a una hora.<\/p>

Leuc\u00f2cits<\/u><\/strong><\/p>

\u00c9s habitual que en un seminograma hi hagi pres\u00e8ncia de leuc\u00f2cits per\u00f2 si aquests superen els valors establers ens pot indicar una infecci\u00f3.<\/p>

La OMS (Organizaci\u00f3 Mundial per la Salut) publica des del 1980 el WHO \u201claboratory manual for the examination and processin of human semen<\/u><\/em>\u201d, manual per estandarditzar els valors del seminograma.\u00a0 La \u00faltima revisi\u00f3 actualitzada i cinquena edici\u00f3 data del 2010.\u00a0 En cada un dels manuals, han canviat i disminu\u00eft el l\u00edmit dels valors considerats v\u00e0lids del seminograma, al observar que en la poblaci\u00f3 habitual tamb\u00e9 hi havia un gran descens dels par\u00e0metres.<\/p>

El valor mitj\u00e0 de la concentraci\u00f3 d\u2019espermatozous en el 1940 era de 113.000.000\/ ml, i en el 1990\u00a0 ha disminu\u00eft a 66.000.000\/ml. Ells homes amb un valor inferior a 20.000.000\/ml s\u2019han triplicat en\u00a0 aquest mateix per\u00edode.<\/p>

El motiu d\u2019aquest descens es divers per\u00f2 el canvi en el sistema de vida hi t\u00e9 molt a veure.\u00a0 Els t\u00f2xics mediambientals, els del m\u00f3n laboral, la qualitat dels aliments i el consum d\u2019alcohol i drogues, que a vegades ja es presenten en la vida intrauterina, actuen en la nostra salut obtenint una mala qualitat esperm\u00e0tica en els homes i com a conseq\u00fc\u00e8ncia la infertilitat.<\/p>

Els pesticides i herbicides presents a les fruites i verdures,\u00a0 les hormones administrades al animals que posteriorment consumim, altres substancies artificials que es troben en envasos de pl\u00e0stic, revestiments de les llaunes, desodorants i cosm\u00e8tics actuen com a xenostr\u00f2gens imitant l\u2019efecte dels estr\u00f2gens i afectant el nivell hormonal de l\u2019home.<\/p>

Les causes m\u00e9s freq\u00fcents que produeixen infertilitat masculina son:<\/p>

  • Varicocele o dilataci\u00f3 anormal de les venes del testicle<\/li>
  • Azoosp\u00e8rmia obstructiva o secretora<\/li>
  • Oligozoosp\u00e8rmia obstructiva o secretora<\/li>
  • Processos inflamatoris i infecciosos de les vies seminals<\/li>
  • Alteracions hormonals<\/li>
  • Problemes de erecci\u00f3 i d\u2019ejaculaci\u00f3<\/li><\/ul>

    En una parella que mostra una infertilitat, s\u2019ha d\u2019avaluar si pot estar per causa femenina o masculina.\u00a0 En l\u2019home realitzar un seminograma i una revisi\u00f3 genital masculina \u00e9s primordial.<\/p>

    MEDICINA TRADICIONAL XINESA (MTX)<\/u><\/strong><\/p>

    La MTX \u00e9s utilitzada des de fa anys per a la fertilitat femenina i per a la masculina.\u00a0 En els casos de tenir un seminograma anormal o una disfunci\u00f3 anat\u00f2mica, el treball es far\u00e0 per harmonitzar-ho, tenint present que el proc\u00e9s d\u2019espermatog\u00e8nesis t\u00e9 una durada de tres mesos, \u00e9s a dir que des de que una c\u00e8l\u00b7lula prim\u00e0ria comen\u00e7a el seu proc\u00e9s per a convertir-se en espermatozou passaran com a m\u00ednim tres mesos.<\/p>

    En el cas de tenir un seminograma correcte i l\u2019avaluaci\u00f3 genital ens indiqui que no hi ha cap disfunci\u00f3, per\u00f2 tot i aix\u00ed existeix una infertilitat, tamb\u00e9 es pot realitzar MTX per harmonitzar i regular tots els processos implicats en la concepci\u00f3, al igual que es procedeix amb tots els homes i dones que vulguin preparar la seva concepci\u00f3 en els mesos previs.\u00a0 En aquests casos el pron\u00f2stic \u00e9s m\u00e9s favorable.<\/p>

    Per entendre qualsevol disfunci\u00f3 des del punt de vista de la MTX, hem de partir de la fisiologia dels cinc \u00f2rgans interns i de la teoria del Yin\/Yang.\u00a0\u00a0 Per tenir una bona salut, els cinc \u00f2rgans i la relaci\u00f3 Yin\/Yang han d\u2019estar en harmonia entre ells.\u00a0 Qualsevol desequilibri emocional, f\u00edsic o mental pot trencar l\u2019ordre, i en el cas d\u2019una infertilitat, \u00e9s habitual que l\u2019\u00f2rgan Rony\u00f3 i Fetge estiguin alterats.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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    Fertilitat masculina Es considera una infertilitat quan una dona no es queda embarassada despr\u00e9s de tenir relacions sexuals sense protecci\u00f3 durant 1 any.\u00a0 La infertilitat afecta un 8-15% de les parelles en edat reproductiva i en els \u00faltims 50 anys ha augmentat la incid\u00e8ncia sobretot\u00a0 per la voluntat de retardar la maternitat de les dones. […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"no-sidebar","site-content-layout":"page-builder","ast-site-content-layout":"","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"disabled","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"disabled","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"default","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"default","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-230","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"\nFertilitat masculina | Punt Salut<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/fortea.sytes.net\/pun\/fertilitat-masculina\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ca_ES\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Fertilitat masculina | Punt Salut\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Fertilitat masculina Es considera una infertilitat quan una dona no es queda embarassada despr\u00e9s de tenir relacions sexuals sense protecci\u00f3 durant 1 any.\u00a0 La infertilitat afecta un 8-15% de les parelles en edat reproductiva i en els \u00faltims 50 anys ha augmentat la incid\u00e8ncia sobretot\u00a0 per la voluntat de retardar la maternitat de les dones. 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